Friday, May 23, 2014

Essential Academic Vocabulary LE 2014

Essential Academic Vocabulary LE 2014

Life Functions
Cell: the smallest unit of structure and function of living things.
Homeostasis: the ability of an organism to maintain a stable internal balanced environment.
Metabolism: the sum of all the chemical reactions that occur within the cells of an organism.
Organic molecules: contain skeleton structures of carbon with hydrogen and oxygen.
Tissue: a group of cells that share the same structure and function.
Organ: a group of tissues that work together to perform a function.
Organ system: a group of organs that work together to perform one of the life functions.
Nucleus: large structure within a cell that controls metabolism and stores genetic information (DNA).
Cytoplasm: substance found between cell membrane and nucleus, contains other organelles.
Cell membrane: thin boundary between the cell and its environment.
Cell wall: layer of nonliving material that surrounds the cell and gives it strength and rigidity.
Ribosomes: Site of protein production.
Mitochondria: Pod-shaped organelles that contain enzymes used to extract energy from nutrients. (cell’s “powerhouse”)
Chloroplasts: Site of photosynthesis (present in photosynthetic organisms only)
Vacuoles: Storage sacs within the cytoplasm. Plant cells have a large, central vacuole for storage of water.
Diffusion: movement of molecules from areas of high concentration to areas of lower concentration.
Osmosis: diffusion of water.
Active transport: movement of molecules from areas of low concentration to areas of high concentration. Requires ATP.

General

  • Homeostasis, balance, dynamic equilibrium, stability, steady
  • Gamete, sex cell, egg, sperm,
  • Variation variety,              opposite is sameness
  • Enzyme, initiate, helper
  • Refute, contradict                opposite agree support
  • Excrete give off, throw off
  • Adverse, unfriendly, conflicting
  • Cloning, duplicate, replicate, copy
  • Synthesis, union, forming connect   opposite divide
  • Hydrolysis, divide     opposite connect
  • Specific precise definite exact  opposite common general
  • Optimal top, best
  • Range bounds, limits
  • Antigen, irritant, foreign substance
  • Antibody, preventitive, anti-irritant
  • Nonrenewable, brief, temporary
  • Array



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